facebook

Blog Post

Stock Compensation Plans – Everything You Need to Know

Renee Daggett • Apr 18, 2017

If you are one of the rising number of employees receiving some form of stock compensation through your job, you know how confusing it can be to understand how exactly each type works, how each is different, and the tax considerations you need to be aware of.

Even if you’ve been receiving this type of compensation for some time now, you might still feel in the dark about what to expect when it comes to the tax consequences. If you’re looking for a simple and straightforward summary of the main types of stock compensation and the characteristics and tax implications of each, look no further!

Stock Options
1. What are they? Rights to buy a certain number of shares of company stock at a pre-set price
2. How do they work? The employee can buy a certain number of company shares at a set price – the “exercise price” (the fair market value of the stock on the date the options are granted)
3. How are they taxed? This depends on whether the options are nonqualified or qualified:
i. Nonqualified : The difference between the value of the shares on the purchase date and the price you are paying is the “spread” and is included in your wages, with taxes withheld on it, in the year of purchase. This will be included in your W-2 at year end and needs to be reported as income on your tax return. When you later sell the stock, you have a capital gain for the difference between the selling price and the fair market value of the shares when you bought the stock (remember – you already paid tax on that amount, through your wages!).
ii. Qualified : When you buy the stock, you do NOT have to include the “spread” in your income, as long as the stock acquired through exercise is held for the LATER of one year following the day the stock was transferred/acquired or two years after the option was granted to you. If these rules are met, when you sell the stock, you report a capital gain for the difference between the price you paid (exercise price) and the sales price . So, you pay capital gains tax rates on the entire resulting gain, instead of paying part at ordinary income tax rates with nonqualified options.

Employee Stock Purchase Plans (ESPPs)
1. What are they? Plans that allow employees to purchase employer’s stock at a discount, usually through contributions made via payroll deductions
2. How do they work? The employee contributes to a stock purchase fund and, at certain points during the year, the employer uses the funds to purchase stock for him/her (at a discount)
3. How are they taxed? The taxation occurs upon the sale of the stock. The calculation of the amount of ordinary income vs. capital gain depends on whether the ultimate sale of the stock constitutes a qualifying or disqualifying disposition:
i. Qualifying : This applies if you sold the stock at least two years after the offering/grant date and at least one year after the purchase (exercise) date. The LESSER of the per-share company discount times the number of shares or the gross sales price minus the actual discounted price is included in ordinary income upon the sale of the stock/included in your W-2. Then, The difference between the sales price and your cost basis (the price you paid for the stock PLUS what was included on your W-2 as ordinary income) is reported as a capital gain/loss on your tax return.
ii. Disqualifying : If you did not meet the requirements for a qualifying disposition (above), the amount included in ordinary income/on your W-2 is the difference between the market price on the purchase/exercise date and the actual price paid for the stock. Then, the difference between the sales price and your cost basis (the price you paid for the stock PLUS what was included on your W-2 as ordinary income) is reported as a capital gain/loss on your tax return.

Restricted Stock
1. What are they? Stocks that are granted to an employee that are nontransferable and can be forfeited under conditions such as employment termination or inability to meet certain performance benchmarks
2. How do they work? The employee is granted shares over a period of time, according to a vesting schedule lasting several years, and also receives voting rights
3. How are they taxed?
i. Without 83(b) election : The entire amount of the stock – the fair market value on the vesting date – is included in ordinary income/reported on W-2 in the year of vesting. Once sold, the difference between the sales price and the fair market value on the vesting date should be reported as a capital gain/loss on the tax return.
ii. With 83(b) election : The value of the stock on the grant date, not the vesting date, is reported as ordinary income/taxed in the year granted. If the stock price is rising rapidly, this could greatly reduce the tax liability. Once sold, the difference between the sales price and the fair market value on the grant date should be reported as a capital gain/loss on the tax return.

Restricted Stock Units
1. What are they? Promises to grant a set number of shares of stock upon completion of a vesting schedule
2. How do they work? The employee is granted shares of stock after vesting and forfeiture requirements have been met, and does not have voting rights during the vesting period (since no stock has been issued)
3. How are they taxed? No actual stock is issued on the grant date, so no 83(b) election is allowed. The fair market value of the stock on the vesting date is reported as ordinary income/on the W-2 in the year of vesting, and once sold, the difference between the sales price and the fair market value on the vesting date is reported as a capital gain or loss.

A case of money, tax refund
24 Apr, 2024
Tax season can be a stressful time for many, but the anticipation of receiving a tax refund can also bring a sense of relief and excitement. For those expecting a refund, knowing where to check its status and understanding the timelines involved are crucial for managing finances effectively. Here's a comprehensive guide to help you navigate the process of checking your tax refund status and understanding the expected timelines in the United States. Where to Check Your Tax Refund Status IRS Website: The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) offers a tool called "Where's My Refund?" available on their official website. To check your refund status, you'll need: Your Social Security number or ITIN Your filing status The exact refund amount you are expecting This service is updated once every 24 hours, usually overnight, so you can get daily updates on your refund status. IRS2Go Mobile App: The IRS also offers a mobile app called IRS2Go, which provides several services including the ability to check your refund status. It's available for download on both Android and iOS platforms and offers the same features as the website, making it convenient to check your status on the go. How Long Does It Take to Receive a Tax Refund? The timeline for receiving a tax refund can vary based on the method of filing and the accuracy of the tax return submitted. Here are some general guidelines: Electronic Filing: Most refunds are issued within 19 days after the IRS receives the tax return if filed electronically. This is the fastest way to receive your refund and is generally less prone to errors. Paper Filing: Refunds can take about six to eight weeks from the date the IRS receives a paper return. This method is slower and more susceptible to errors, which can further delay processing. Tips for a Faster Refund File Electronically: Filing your taxes electronically is faster and more secure than paper filings. Use Direct Deposit: Opt for your refund to be deposited directly into your bank account to receive it more quickly than a mailed check. Ensure Accuracy: Double-check your tax return for any errors before submission. Mistakes can delay your refund significantly. What Could Delay Your Refund? Several factors can delay your refund, including: Filing during peak times, especially close to the filing deadline Errors in your tax return, such as incorrect Social Security numbers or math errors Returns flagged for a deeper review, such as for identity theft or fraud concerns Understanding where to check your tax refund status and knowing the expected timelines can help ease the anxiety associated with tax season. By following the tips outlined above, you can ensure a smoother and quicker refund process. Remember, the key to a prompt refund is accuracy and choosing the right filing and refund methods. Stay informed and proactive about your tax responsibilities to make the most of your tax season.
09 Apr, 2024
In the realm of personal and business finance, understanding and effectively managing estimated tax payments is crucial. This article aims to provide a clear and comprehensive overview of what estimated tax payments are, who needs to make them, and how to calculate and submit these payments efficiently. What are Estimated Tax Payments? Estimated tax payments are periodic advance payments of income tax that individuals and businesses are expected to pay if their income is not subject to sufficient withholding tax. This typically includes earnings from self-employment, interest, dividends, alimony, rent, gains from the sale of assets, prizes, and awards. Essentially, if you anticipate owing tax of $1,000 or more when your return is filed, you should be making estimated tax payments. Who Should Pay Estimated Taxes? Self-Employed Individuals: This includes freelancers, independent contractors, and small business owners. Investors: Those earning significant income from dividends, interest, or capital gains. Retirees: Particularly those receiving substantial income from investments or retirement accounts not subject to withholding. Individuals with Multiple Sources of Income: Such as those with substantial side gigs in addition to their regular employment. Calculating Estimated Tax Payments (see below for easy visual guide) Determine Expected Adjusted Gross Income (AGI): This includes all expected income for the year, deductions, and credits. Calculate Estimated Tax Liability: Using current tax rates and brackets, estimate the total tax liability for the year. Subtract Withholding and Credits: Subtract any taxes that are withheld from your regular employment or other sources and any applicable credits. Divide the Result: The remaining amount is your estimated tax, which should be divided into four equal payments. Schedules and Methods of Quarterly Tax Payments Estimated tax payments are typically due in four equal installments. For 2024, the deadlines are April 15, June 17, September 16, and January 15 of the following year. Payments can be made via mail, phone, or online through the IRS website or the Electronic Federal Tax Payment System (EFTPS). Penalties for Underpayment Failing to make estimated tax payments can result in penalties. The IRS calculates penalties based on current interest rates and applies them from the due date of the estimated payment to the date of actual payment. Tips for Managing Estimated Tax Payments Stay Organized: Keep accurate records of all income and expenses. Adjust Payments as Needed: If your income changes significantly, re-calculate your estimated taxes to avoid underpayment or overpayment. Use Electronic Payments: Utilizing online payment systems ensures timely and secure transactions. Consult with a Tax Professional: Especially if your financial situation is complex. Managing estimated tax payments is a vital aspect of financial planning for individuals and businesses with diverse or significant non-wage incomes. Staying informed and proactive in estimating and paying taxes not only keeps you compliant with tax laws but also helps avoid unexpected financial burdens at tax time. Remember, when in doubt, consulting a tax professional is always a wise decision to ensure accuracy and compliance.
A small business owner made a tax filing mistake
26 Mar, 2024
Small business owners face numerous challenges, and managing taxes is often one of the most daunting. Tax mistakes can lead to financial penalties, audits, and unnecessary stress. Understanding and avoiding common tax filing errors can save small business owners both time and money.
13 Mar, 2024
As tax season approaches, it's crucial for small business owners to navigate the complexities of tax filings accurately and efficiently. This article aims to guide you through some essential do's and don'ts to help ensure a smooth tax season. Do: Keep Accurate Records Organize Financial Documents : Ensure all your financial records are organized. This includes invoices, receipts, bank statements, and any other documents related to your business income and expenses. Use Accounting Software : Consider using reliable accounting software to track your financial transactions. This can simplify the process of organizing records and reduce errors. Do: Understand Your Deductions Know What’s Deductible : Familiarize yourself with the types of expenses that are deductible for your business. Common deductions include office supplies, travel expenses, and certain types of insurance. Avoid Overlooking Deductions : Small expenses can add up. Don’t overlook minor deductions like postage, parking fees, or small office supplies. Do: Seek Professional Help Hire a Tax Professional : If you’re unsure about your tax obligations, consider hiring an accountant or tax advisor. They can provide valuable guidance and help you maximize deductions. Stay Informed About Tax Laws : Tax laws change frequently. A professional can help keep you informed about new laws that may affect your business. Don’t: Procrastinate Avoid Last-Minute Filing : Procrastination can lead to rushed mistakes. Start preparing your taxes well before the deadline to ensure accuracy. Consider Extensions if Needed : If you need more time, it’s better to file for an extension than to rush through your tax return. Don’t: Mix Personal and Business Expenses Maintain Separate Accounts : Keep your personal and business finances separate. This makes it easier to track business expenses and justifies deductions. Avoid Personal Purchases on Business Accounts : Do not use business accounts for personal expenses. This can lead to complications and might flag you for an audit. Don’t: Misclassify Employees and Contractors Understand the distinction: Ensure you correctly classify workers as either employees or independent contractors. This classification affects how you withhold how you pay taxes, social security, and Medicare. Avoid Penalties: Incorrect classification can lead to penalties and back taxes. If in doubt, consult IRS guidelines or seek professional advice to ensure compliance. Navigating tax season can be a daunting task for small business owners. By following these do's and don'ts, you can avoid common pitfalls, take advantage of deductions, and potentially reduce your tax burden. Remember, staying organized, seeking professional advice, and being proactive are key to a successful tax season.
frustrated woman at laptop computer
By Renee Daggett 16 Feb, 2024
Our tax code contains plenty of opportunities to cut your taxes. There are also plenty of places in the tax code that could create a surprising tax bill. Here are some of the more common traps.
05 Feb, 2024
Contribution limits for the ever-popular health savings account (HSA) are set for 2024. The new limits are outlined here with current year amounts noted for comparison. So plan now for your 2024 contributions.
Business owner filing a BOI report
23 Jan, 2024
As of January 1, the Corporate Transparency Act (CTA) came into play, introducing a fresh federal filing obligation for numerous business entities, including corporations, limited liability companies, limited partnerships, and certain other entities.
home office
16 Jan, 2024
The home office deduction continues to be a significant tax break for the thousands of Americans who work from home, either part-time or full-time. However, in 2024, it's important to note that this deduction primarily benefits self-employed individuals or those running a business from their home. Employees working from home for an employer generally cannot deduct their office expenses.
someone giving to charity
By Renee Daggett 10 Jan, 2024
Did you know that you may be able to reduce your taxable income by donating cash or goods to a “qualified charity”?
a person driving business miles and tracking miles for mileage reimbursement
08 Jan, 2024
This is a subThe Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has announced the new standard mileage rates for 2024, reflecting changes in the costs associated with operating an automobile. These rates are crucial for individuals and businesses to understand as they affect the calculation of deductible costs for automobile use for business, charitable, medical, or moving purposes.
More Posts
Share by: